MOTS-c

The Complete Guide to Dosage, Benefits, and Research

1. MOTS-c Dosage Chart | Quick Breakdown

PurposeDosage RangeFrequencyAdministration
General Use5-10 mg1x dailySubcutaneous injection
Metabolic Health10-15 mg1x dailySubcutaneous injection
Exercise Performance10-20 mg1x dailySubcutaneous injection
Research0.5-1.0 mg/kgAs per protocolSubcutaneous/Intraperitoneal

2. What is MOTS-c?

MOTS-c (Mitochondrial Open Reading Frame of the Twelve S rRNA-c) is a mitochondrial-derived peptide. Key points:

  • 16 amino acid peptide encoded by mitochondrial DNA
  • Sequence: MRWQEMGYIFYPRKLR
  • Molecular weight: 2174.6 Da
  • Discovered in 2015 by researchers at the University of Southern California
  • Acts as a mitochondrial signaling peptide
  • Plays a role in metabolic homeostasis and cellular stress response

3. MOTS-c Mechanism of Action

MOTS-c works through several mechanisms:

  • 1 Activates AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase) pathway
  • 2 Enhances insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle
  • 3 Regulates glucose metabolism and fatty acid oxidation
  • 4 Influences folate cycle and de novo purine biosynthesis
  • 5 Modulates mitochondrial function and biogenesis
  • 6 Acts as an exercise mimetic
  • 7 Influences cellular stress response pathways

4. Research Applications and Potential Benefits of MOTS-c

MOTS-c and Metabolic Health

  • Improves insulin sensitivity
  • Enhances glucose uptake in skeletal muscle
  • Potential treatment for type 2 diabetes and obesity

MOTS-c and Exercise Performance

  • Acts as an exercise mimetic
  • Enhances physical performance and endurance
  • Potential benefits for age-related decline in physical capacity

MOTS-c and Aging

  • Potential anti-aging effects
  • May improve age-related metabolic dysfunction
  • Possible neuroprotective properties

MOTS-c and Cardiovascular Health

  • Potential cardioprotective effects
  • May improve endothelial function
  • Possible role in preventing atherosclerosis

MOTS-c and Bone Health

  • Potential to improve bone density
  • May help prevent osteoporosis

5. MOTS-c Dosage Guide

Dosing MOTS-c for General Use

  • Typical dose: 5-10 mg per day
  • Administered once daily

Dosing MOTS-c for Metabolic Health

  • Higher dose: 10-15 mg per day
  • Administered once daily

Dosing MOTS-c for Exercise Performance

  • Dose range: 10-20 mg per day
  • Administered once daily, preferably before exercise

Dosing MOTS-c for Research

  • Dose range: 0.5-1.0 mg per kg of body weight
  • Frequency depends on research protocol

6. How to Mix and Administer MOTS-c

  • 1 Use bacteriostatic water or sterile saline to reconstitute lyophilized MOTS-c
  • 2 Add water slowly, allowing it to trickle down the side of the vial
  • 3 Gently swirl to mix, avoid shaking
  • 4 Calculate dosage based on concentration (e.g., 5 mg/ml)
  • 5 Use sterile syringes and needles for each injection

7. MOTS-c Administration Methods

MOTS-c is typically administered via subcutaneous injection:

  • Common injection sites: abdomen, thigh, or upper arm
  • Rotate injection sites to prevent irritation
  • Can be administered at any time of day, but consistency is recommended

For research purposes, intraperitoneal injection may also be used in animal studies.

8. MOTS-c Combinations and Interactions

Limited data on combinations. Potential synergistic effects with:

  • Metformin (for metabolic health)
  • Exercise regimens (for performance enhancement)

Always research potential interactions before combining substances.

9. Where to Buy MOTS-c Online | 2024 Edition

MOTS-c is primarily available for research purposes. It's crucial to source from reputable peptide suppliers that provide certificates of analysis and third-party testing results.

10. Is MOTS-c Safe?

Generally considered to have a favorable safety profile in animal studies:

  • No significant adverse effects reported in preclinical trials
  • Human safety data is limited

Potential side effects may include:

  • Injection site reactions
  • Nausea
  • Headache
  • Fatigue

Long-term safety data in humans is not yet available.

11. Is MOTS-c Legal?

  • Not approved by the FDA for human use
  • Legal status varies by country and jurisdiction
  • Often restricted to research or medical use
  • In the US, it's legal to possess for research purposes but not for human consumption
  • Banned by WADA for competitive athletes
  • Always check local laws before purchasing or using MOTS-c

12. MOTS-c Storage and Handling

  • Store lyophilized powder at -20°C (-4°F)
  • Once reconstituted, store in refrigerator (2-8°C or 36-46°F)
  • Use within 30 days after reconstitution
  • Protect from light and excessive heat
  • Always use sterile techniques when handling

13. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

How long does it take to see effects from MOTS-c?
Can MOTS-c be used for weight loss?
Is MOTS-c safe for long-term use?
How does MOTS-c compare to other peptides like CJC-1295 or Ipamorelin?

14. MOTS-c Dosage | Final Verdict

MOTS-c shows promise as a mitochondrial-derived peptide with potential benefits for metabolic health, exercise performance, and aging. The typical dosage range of 5-20 mg per day appears effective for most research applications. Its unique mechanism of action, targeting mitochondrial function and metabolic regulation, makes it an intriguing subject for further study.However, its use should be approached cautiously due to limited long-term human safety data and varying legal status worldwide. As with any experimental compound, thorough research and professional consultation are essential before use. The potential of MOTS-c in metabolic disorders, exercise enhancement, and age-related conditions warrants further investigation, particularly in larger, long-term human trials.

Table of Contents

1. MOTS-c Dosage Chart | Quick Breakdown

2. What is MOTS-c?

3. MOTS-c Mechanism of Action

4. Research Applications and Potential Benefits of MOTS-c

5. MOTS-c Dosage Guide

6. How to Mix and Administer MOTS-c

7. MOTS-c Administration Methods

8. MOTS-c Combinations and Interactions

9. Where to Buy MOTS-c Online | 2024 Edition

10. Is MOTS-c Safe?

11. Is MOTS-c Legal?

12. MOTS-c Storage and Handling

13. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

14. MOTS-c Dosage | Final Verdict

15. References

15. References

  • 1 Lee, C., et al. (2015). The mitochondrial-derived peptide MOTS-c promotes metabolic homeostasis and reduces obesity and insulin resistance. Cell Metabolism, 21(3), 443-454.
  • 2 Reynolds, J. C., et al. (2021). MOTS-c is an exercise-induced mitochondrial-encoded regulator of age-dependent physical decline and muscle homeostasis. Nature Communications, 12(1), 470.
  • 3 Kim, S. J., et al. (2018). The mitochondrial-derived peptide MOTS-c is a regulator of plasma metabolites and enhances insulin sensitivity. Physiological Reports, 6(23), e13943.
  • 4 Lu, H., et al. (2019). MOTS-c peptide regulates adipose homeostasis to prevent ovariectomy-induced metabolic dysfunction. Journal of Molecular Medicine, 97(4), 473-485.
  • 5 Zhai, D., et al. (2017). MOTS-c peptide increases survival and decreases bacterial load in mice infected with MRSA. Molecular Immunology, 92, 151-160.
  • 6 Ramanjaneya, M., et al. (2019). Mitochondrial-Derived Peptides in Energy Metabolism. American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism, 316(2), E216-E225.
  • 7 Miller, B., et al. (2020). The mitochondrial derived peptide MOTS-c attenuates the inflammatory response and protects against acute lung injury. Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, 88(6), 806-814.
  • 8 Qin, Q., et al. (2018). Downregulation of circulating MOTS-c levels in patients with coronary endothelial dysfunction. International Journal of Cardiology, 254, 23-27.
  • 9 Mehta, H. H., et al. (2020). MOTS-c is a Circulating Mitochondrial-Encoded Regulator of Age-Dependent Obesity. Aging Cell, 19(3), e13135.
  • 10 Yin, X., et al. (2021). The Mitochondrial-Derived Peptide MOTS-c Promotes Metabolic Homeostasis and Reduces Obesity and Insulin Resistance. Aging and Disease, 12(1), 265-276.